This study and literature was conducted and written to show the value in the MRTD 16 (Multiple Region Trauma Device 16) to help stabilize for limiting the hemorrhaging with wound(s) in the following regions: Thoracic, Mammory, Abdominal, Umbilical, Coxal, Pubic, Inguinal, Axillary, Femoral, Sternal, Brachial, Dorsal, Lumbar, Sacrial, Acromial and Gluteal-until the patient can be transported to a medical facility. Supports broken bones, fractures and dislocations as well. Three identical MRTD 16’s were tested in all tests performed. Then the mean of all three were represented in this study. 

Conducted tests:

1- The three MRTD 16s were put through a series of tests using a compression gauge, looking at the ability to compress the iliac artery to reduce blood flow by at least 50% and pressure of the pulse by 85%, to aid in starting coagulation/hemostasis and its ability to stop the blood flow completely if the bleeding cannot be controlled. Looking at a total bleed out in 5 minutes +/- for male and female and an elevated flow rate above the normal rate of 604 +/- for a male and 478 +/- for a female. With pinpoint compression using the puck wallets and the MRTD 16 worn correctly, the blood flow past the injury can still exist.

1-The MRTD 16’s compression rate was tested (up to the testing devices maximum 711.715 N/160lbs/79.9537kg) to show the compression ability of the interior air bladders to compress the iliac artery.

1A-An iliac artery compression simulation on the pressure needed to cut off blood flow or to a point of coagulation.

2- The MRTD 16 was tested in drag conditions such as heavily wooded areas and beach areas.

2A- The MRTD 16 was submerged in 3.048 meters or 10 feet of ocean/sea saltwater (one week).

3- The MRTD 16 was subjected to -29.444 Celsius or -21 degrees Fahrenheit (below freezing) in a freezer (2 days).

4- The MRTD 16 was tested for loosening and/or falling away from the wound area.

5- The MRTD 16 was left at temperature of 54.444 degrees Celsius or 130 degrees Fahrenheit. (2 hours)

6- The MRTD 16 compression pucks were tested to compression failure. All tests were designed to demonstrate the capacity at which the apparatus’s pucks would exceed its use.

7-The MRTD 16 strapping was tested for tensile strength for durability.

8-The MRTD 16 was weighed and measured, comparing it to a military issued field first aid kit.

The FDA requirements:

The MRTD 16 falls under the FDA’s class one (this device is exempt from FDA premarket notification for all pneumatic tourniquets as of 6/07/2023 ).

Testing performed:

1-The MRTD 16 was put through a test using a force compression gauge and lead pellet weight bags. The MRTD 16 was placed under 889.644 N/200 lbs./90.7185 kg, then pumped up. Note: (Its maximum lifting lbs. is 667.233 N or 300 lbs./136.078 kg). It was held for a 24-hour period and once this segment of the test ended, they were then placed under a force meter with a flat 1.587 cm or 0.625 / 5/8 inch wide diameter pin upon the apparatus’s air bladders, then a force average of 725.23805 N/163.04 lbs./79.9537 kg for a one minute period (on each bladder side). The MRTD 16 was still intact-inflated as it should with no issues. Note: For example, this 725.23805 N/163.04 lbs./79.9537 kg is far beyond the compaction needed to stop the hemorrhaging from the iliac arteries and wounds it’s capable of slowing or completely stopping hemorrhaging on. With this range of pressure, the MRTD 16 can be used from the smallest wounds to quite extensive wounds, but still has its limitations to help with massive wounds, where nothing can stop hemorrhaging and death is imminent from massive destruction areas where the MRTD 16 cannot cover the large sections missing from a certain death wound.

Note: The force test meter’s maximum pressure tolerance is 711.715 N/160 lbs./72.5748 kg with the concentrated area of 0.625 inch or 5/8 inch +/- to show the ability of the MRTD 16 to resist punctures from outside sources.

1A-A test model was done to show the collapse of a simulated artery to compare to the force these tested MRTD 16 can produce. The test model was constructed of a 3 psi 12-volt pump, 4mm tubing (1-4 mm is a normal to inflamed iliac artery) and a formula using corn syrup water and red food dye to best demonstrate human blood. Once the pump was turned on, it took a pressure of 9.741605 N/2.19 lbs./0.9933673 kg to completely cut off the liquid flow.

2-The MRTD 16 was tested in drag conditions in heavily wooded areas on the beach and submerged in ocean/sea salt water.

The MRTD 16 was placed on a dummy and weighed down to 77.1107 kg or 170 lbs. (the set up was in the iliac region for MRTD 16 configuration) and was dragged by a similar weighted person (not holding on to the MRTD 16, but a line was attached around the test dummy’s upper torso) through a heavily wooded area, approximately 30.48 meters or 100 feet +/- (roughly 1/3 the length of a football/soccer field) to see how it would perform. The MRTD 16 did remain tight and the bags remained inflated and stayed on the region where it was placed with no movement of the MRTD 16. The MRTD 16 suffered snagged areas but this was an expected result. Then the dummy with the MRTD 16 on was dragged on beach sand, approximately 30.48 meters or 100 feet +/- (roughly 1/3 the length of a football/soccer field). The MRTD 16 did remain tight and the bags remained inflated and stayed on the region where it was placed. The MRTD 16 was covered in sand, but this was expected.

2A- The MRTD 16 was then submerged in sea saltwater to a depth of 3.048 meters or 10ft, for one week. After one week there were slight visible signs of algae growth, but after washing them off, there were no signs of failure and when the pneumatic pumps were used they worked as they were intended. No water had gotten in any of the MRTD 16’s bladders or pumps.

3- The MRTD 16 was subjected to -29.444 degrees Celsius (below freezing) or -21 degrees Fahrenheit (below freezing) (for 2 days the MRTD 16 was placed in a freezer which is set at -31.666 Celsius or -25 degrees Fahrenheit (below freezing). The MRTD 16 would only reach a temperature of -29.444 degrees Celsius (below freezing) or -21 degrees Fahrenheit (below freezing). Then the pneumatic pumps were used and worked as they were designed. No damage was found.

4- The MRTD 16 was tested for loosening and/or falling away from the wound(s). The MRTD 16 was placed tightly on the subject and 6.80389 kg, or 15 lb. weight was hung from the front belt. Jumping up, twisting quickly, and laying down then getting back up was done to simulate rough conditions. The weight of 6.80389 kg or 15 lbs. did not pull away enough to prevent the MRTD 16 from working as it was designed.

5- The MRDT 16 was placed in an oven set to 54.444 degrees Celsius or 130 degrees Fahrenheit for 2 hours. Note: The MRTD 16 was placed on a silicone pad within the oven, not set directly on the rack as it reached 72.222 degrees Celsius or 162 degrees Fahrenheit. The MRTD 16 was removed from the oven at desired temperature of 54.444 Celsius or 130 degrees Fahrenheit and the pneumatic pumps were used and performed as they were designed. They showed no signs of damage.

6-The MRTD 16 pucks were compression tested. Three pucks were placed separately in a compression hydraulic press. Tests were conducted for maximum compression, not psi, at a mean of 1505 lbs. These pressures would not be possible by using the pneumatic pump, nor could a human handle these pressures as these pressures can easily crush a femur. The MRTD 16 well exceeded the intended use.

7-Pull tests were performed on the MRTD 16 strapping to give a tensile strength to show its durability in the field. A force gauge was used pulling to 45.3592 kg or 100 lbs. +/-.

The 5.08cm and 7.62cm or 2in and 3in strapping performed as expected and did not tear at this tension.

8-The MRTD 16 was weighed with its accessories. It weighs just under 0.68067205 kg or 24.00 oz. 23.8 OZ (with) 16.82 (without)

As a comparison, we weighed a military field issued first aid kit. It weighs 0.538641 kg or 19.00 oz.

Why the comparison? The field issued first aid kit has no abilities that the MRTD 16 has and the MRTD 16 has no abilities the field issued first aid kit has, so they would be accompanying one another.

The dimensions of the MRTD 16 in its compacted sealed bag: L 22.86cm x W 17.78cm x D 8.89cm or L 9in x W 7in x D 3-1/2in

The dimensions of the military field issued first aid kit: L 22.86cm x W 8.89cm x D 8.89cm or L 9in x W 3-1/2in x D 3-1/2in